History of Milan
Milan has traveled a long journey to achieve the name, peace and settlement it has today. It has been the pride of many empires that recognized it differently. To go back to the city’s origin, it was Gauls empire who reigned here after overpowering the Etruscans. The Romans succeeded the Gauls. They renamed this city as Mediolanum. Milan became a permanent Latin colony in 89 B.C. and its regional capital later. Due to its strategic position the city’s name was changed from Mediolanum to Roma secunda.
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During 313 A.D Milan was flooded with construction of churches. Amongst these a church (Ambrosian church) was dedicated to Ambrogio, the foremost bishop of the city. He became the most powerful political icon of Italy the years that followed.
The Roman Empire did not last long. The barbarians who later lost their regime to the Longobards in 569 A.D followed the Romans. However the political fluctuation did not cease with it. By the time eighth century was about to end the bishops of Milan plunged into an alliance with the emperors, the Ottone of Saxony who was crowned as the king of Italy. By this time i.e. in the first half of the year 1000, the Archibshop of Milan had started dominating the entire northern Italy. The reign of bishop ended gradually and Milan was turned into a municipality that competed with other municipalities for its expansion. Right after this the Fredrick I of Swabia tried to win over the city. This was succeeded by the foundation of the Lombard League that struggled for Milan’s independence.
The status of Milan stepped up to that of a Seigneury in the latter half of 1200. This was the period when Milan gained lot of recognition. In 1300 when the Visconti family, noblemen from Bergamo, Cremona, Piacenza, Bresica and Parma came to power and marked the end of democratic rule in Milan. The Viscontis’ strengthened the political, cultural and economical base of the city. In 1386 The Viscontis initiated the construction of the world-renowned Duomo castle which is also reckoned as the city’s symbol.
After three years of republican rule, Milan took a breath of peace and harmony when the Sforza family took over the charge in 1450. This era was also the Renaissance age so the art and architecture of Milan witnessed a boom and acquired prominence. The art titans such as Leonardo da Vinci and Donato Bramante came to work for Milan. The Duomo castle, the hospital that has turned in to the State University today and the famous church if Santa Maria delle Grazie were built.
But the Sforza rule kicked the bucket in the hands of Spanish monarchies. Spaniards governed the city for around two centuries from 1535 to 1706. During their reign Milan did not progress till the Hapsburgs came to power in 18th century.
In 1789 Milan came under the French control. French for the first time introduced many town -planning and public works schemes. The Napoleonic era was a predecessor to the Austro Hungarian one. But this time the Austrians did not act as reformers. Consequently the citizens of Milan rebelled against their domination and in 1859 Milan became a part of the Savoy Kingdom.
Being a part of the Savoy kingdom led to Milan’s unification with Italy. As a result Milan scaled good heights in every field. The city became a hub for workers from outside who thrived to work here. Many insurance companies and banks opened while beautiful residential districts were built.
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After the fascism period that had commenced in 1919 and allied bombardments, Milan underwent a national reconstruction. Today Milan is Italy’s globally acclaimed center for fashion, design, media and advance services.